Pakistan Journal of Zoological Sciences
type: channel
description: Pakistan Journal of Zoological Sciences (PJZS) is the official, peer-reviewed journal of IJSMART Publishing Company®. It is an open-access, quarterly publication that follows a double-blind peer-review process. PJZS (ISSN: 3105-5222) serves as a platform for disseminating original scientific research across all branches of zoology. Journal Scope PJZS (ISSN: 3105-5222) aims to promote significant advancements in the field of zoology. PJZS is the first open-access zoology journal in Pakistan dedicated to combining diverse disciplines that study animal life from various perspectives. Our goal is to provide a platform for a comprehensive understanding of zoological phenomena at all levels—molecular, cellular, organismal, ecological, and evolutionary. We welcome original research articles and systematic reviews, in the following areas: Animal Biology & Behavior Ecology and Environmental Zoology Animal Physiology and Anatomy Entomology Evolutionary Zoology and Systematics Zoological Genetics and Genomics Zoological Toxicology and Wildlife Health Applied Zoology and Conservation Invertebrate and Vertebrate Zoology Aquaculture and Fisheries Zoology Parasitology and Zoonotic Zoology Developmental and Cell Zoology Comparative Zoology: Anatomy and Physiology Paleozoology and Zoological Biogeography Ethnozoology and Human-Animal Interactions Our editorial board and expert peer reviewers rigorously evaluate all submissions to ensure the highest standards of scientific integrity, clarity, and novelty. Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Ms. Saba Malik School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China. Environmental science, Zoology, Water quality management, Environmental toxicology, ecological risk assessment, Climate change >>>View Full Biography Associate Editors Dr. Muhammad Naeem Associate Professor, College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Yunnan, China All editorial correspondence should …
publisher: IJSmart Publishing Company®
language: en
publication name: Pakistan Journal of Zoological Sciences
issn: 3105-5222
copyright: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
items: Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing for Studying Environmental Impacts on Invertebrate Biodiversity of Different Districts of Punjab
items: Aphids fauna (Aphidoidea: Hemiptera) and their host association of Al Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia
items: Effects of Green and Chemical Cerium Oxides Nanoparticles on the Blood Profile and Liver Enzymes of Cirrhinus mrigala
items: Microplastic Pollution in Urban Birds: A Comparative Study of Rock, Columba livia, and Corvus splendens
items: Assessing the Role of Light and Bioclimatic Factors in the Distribution and Abundance of Nocturnal Insects in Urban and Semi-Urban Areas of Faisalabad and Sahiwal
items: Assessing The Role of Bioclimatic Variables in Shaping Diptera Biodiversity and Distribution in District Faisalabad, Punjab
items: FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SHAPING THE DISTRIBUTION AND BIODIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD
items: Influence of Environmental Factors on the Mosquito Vector Habitat Distribution in Urban Areas of Faisalabad, Punjab
items: Effects of Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) Nanoparticles on the Growth Performance and Liver of Cyprinus carpio
items: Biodiversity and Relative Abundance of Insects Fauna in different Crops of Kamalia Region, Pakistan

Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing for Studying Environmental Impacts on Invertebrate Biodiversity of Different Districts of Punjab
type: item
description: The rapid environmental fluctuations occurring across various districts of Punjab have raised concerns regarding their impact on invertebrate biodiversity, which plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. This research aims to inspect the influence of environmental factors on invertebrate diversity using the combined application of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, addressing the deficiency of spatial biodiversity calculations in the region. Field-based biodiversity surveys were conducted to collect species data, which was then analyzed alongside satellite imagery and spatial datasets to identify areas facing ecological stress due to anthropogenic activities. GIS tools were used to map land use and land cover changes, while remote sensing helped in detecting environmental transformations such as urban expansion, deforestation, and habitat fragmentation. Evaluation was based on species occurrence and richness patterns observed across selected sites. The findings revealed a noticeable decline in invertebrate diversity in regions with high human-induced disturbances and land use conversion. The study concludes that GIS and RS are effective tools for monitoring biodiversity patterns and can support conservation planning in biodiversity-sensitive areas. Future research could expand this framework by incorporating long-term monitoring and species-level ecological modeling.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: ecological monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: invertebrate biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological monitoring
  topic: subjects
subject: GIS
  topic: subjects
subject: invertebrate biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: land use change
  topic: subjects
subject: remote sensing
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Rabia Yousaf Yousaf Ali Shahid
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Iqra
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rabia Yousaf Yousaf Ali Shahid, Maryam Riasat, Iqra, Naureen Rana, Tehreem Shakoor, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Nawaz Haider Bashir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.65139/m7ak7y90

Aphids fauna (Aphidoidea: Hemiptera) and their host association of Al Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia
type: item
description: Aphid habitats are aplenty in the Al Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia because of the abundance of native and introduced plants there and the region's moderate temperature. But no prior surveys of aphids from the province have been conducted. Fifty-five aphid species from 30 genera were identified. Six aphid species namely, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch, 1917), Uroleucon sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767), Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) were the most prevalent aphid species according to the quantity of samples gathered. In this research, 102 species of host plants for aphids were identified, comprising 82 genera. The most frequent aphid hosts plant during the recent findings were species of the Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae families. Aphid species varied from one to six in number per plant host species. There is a key provided for identifying the different kinds of aphids in KSA.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Aphids
  topic: keywords
subject: Aphidoidea
  topic: keywords
subject: biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Al Bahah Province
  topic: keywords
subject: host plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Insect biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Agricultural entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Aphids
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Applied Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Conservation
  topic: disciplines
subject: Conservation Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology.
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sabir Hussain
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Muhammad Rafiq Shahid
creator: Zainab Baloch
creator: Javed Iqbal
creator: Jahansher Qambrani
creator: Manzoor Ahmed
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sabir Hussain, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid, Zainab Baloch, Javed Iqbal, Jahansher Qambrani, Manzoor Ahmed, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.65139/8evgr918

Effects of Green and Chemical Cerium Oxides Nanoparticles on the Blood Profile and Liver Enzymes of Cirrhinus mrigala
type: item
description: As nanotechnology advances, minute contaminants are increasingly found in both the terrestrial and aquatic environments, raising concerns about nanoparticle pollution such as cerium oxide. They could be consumed by fish and other aquatic life, leading to poisoning, illness, and even death. The goal of the current study was to investigate how cerium oxide nanoparticles physically affected the freshwater Cirrhinus mrigala's liver and hematological markers. Fish for 28 days were exposed to two dosages of each type: 50 mg and 100 mg. The fingerlings in each experimental aquarium were twelve. Following CRD, hepatotoxicity was measured in a spectrophotometer Microlab 300® using the QCA diagnostic kit method for markers such as ALT and AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. Hematological parameters were evaluated by CBC tests, which included hemoglobin, hematocrit, differential RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. One-way ANOVA was used to statistically examine the data. This study showed that both chemically produced cerium oxide nanoparticles and green cerium oxide had an effect on the liver and blood profile of Cirrhinus mrigala. Histopathological analysis revealed cellular deterioration and necrosis in the liver tissue. Hematological markers like white blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels showed notable variability in the blood profile. These results suggested that both kinds of nanoparticles may have toxicological consequences on fish.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Animal Physiology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Toxicology
  topic: category
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: category
subject: Chemical cerium oxide
  topic: keywords
subject: green cerium oxide
  topic: keywords
subject: hematology
  topic: keywords
subject: liver
  topic: keywords
subject: nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Cirrhinus mrigala
  topic: keywords
subject: toxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: entmology
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: subjects
subject: Ichthyology
  topic: subjects
subject: qz
  topic: subjects
subject: TOX
  topic: subjects
subject: toxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanomaterials
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanoparticle ecotoxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Fish physiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Biochemistry
  topic: subjects
subject: Aquatic ecosystems
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Aquatic Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Toxicology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Physiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Iqra Aqram
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: NawazHaider Bashir
creator: Muhmmad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iqra Aqram, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana, NawazHaider Bashir, Muhmmad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.57074/0024

Microplastic Pollution in Urban Birds: A Comparative Study of Rock, Columba livia, and Corvus splendens
type: item
description: Microplastic pollution has emerged as a pervasive environmental threat, yet its effects on terrestrial urban avifauna remain underexplored. This study investigates the extent and implications of microplastic contamination in two synanthropic bird species: the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) and the House Crow (Corvus splendens), both of which inhabit highly polluted urban environments. Through a comparative analysis involving the examination of ingested microplastics, health markers, and behavioral changes, the research evaluates species-specific vulnerabilities and adaptive responses to microplastic exposure. Findings reveal significant differences in ingestion patterns, with behavioral and physiological impacts evident in both species. The study highlights the role of urban birds as bioindicators of environmental health and underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies and improved urban waste management. This work contributes to filling the knowledge gap in terrestrial microplastic ecology and advocates for integrative urban biodiversity protection measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Applied Zoology and Conservation
  topic: category
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Microplastic pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban birds
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: Avian health
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioindicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Plastic ingestion
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavioral impact
  topic: keywords
subject: FRIT
  topic: keywords
subject: Nocturnal insects
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Light pollution
  topic: subjects
subject: Bioclimatic factors
  topic: subjects
subject: Urban ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Semi-urban ecosystems
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Species abundance
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental gradients
  topic: subjects
subject: Urbanization impact on fauna
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: ecology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sheeza Iqbal
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sheeza Iqbal, Naureen Rana, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.65139/ktdty338

Assessing the Role of Light and Bioclimatic Factors in the Distribution and Abundance of Nocturnal Insects in Urban and Semi-Urban Areas of Faisalabad and Sahiwal
type: item
description: The influence of light pollution and bioclimatic factors on nocturnal insect diversity is key knowledge for biodiversity conservation in fast urbanizing areas. Here we assess whether artificial light intensity and environmental variability, including abiotic and biotic variables, drive nocturnal insect community composition in two contrasting regions: Faisalabad (urban) and Sahiwal (semi-urban), Punjab, Pakistan. Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, Plusia orichalcea, and Gryllus bimaculatus were the key species whose abundance was significantly affected by the light intensity, while the others had weak or no significant responses with the increase in light intensity, as revealed by regression analysis. Results Boxplots and scatterplots showed higher variability of light pollution and lower species richness in Faisalabad, and a weak negative trend between Shannon Diversity Index and light intensity promote that light pollution might help in biodiversity losses. By using multivariate analyses such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), each region was found to have a unique composition of species and environmental factors. The higher degree of environmental heterogeneity in Faisalabad was most likely driven by urbanization-related processes such as habitat fragmentation and change in local microclimates. Correlation heatmaps and hierarchical clustering additionally emphasized this complexity in species interactions and species interactions with environmental variables. These results highlight the relative importance of environmental heterogeneity and light pollution as local-scale drivers of nocturnal insect diversity. Our study highlights the need to manage increasing light pollution and environmental heterogeneity to promote insect conservation, particularly in urbanizing landscapes. This knowledge provides clearer understanding in the impacts of anthropogenic change on nocturnal ecosystems and informs urban and biodi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Applied Zoology and Conservation
  topic: category
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Canonical correspondence analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: nocturnal insects
  topic: keywords
subject: light pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: bioclimatic variables
  topic: keywords
subject: species diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Nocturnal insects
  topic: subjects
subject: Light pollution
  topic: subjects
subject: Bioclimatic variables
  topic: subjects
subject: Urban biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Species Abundance and Distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental gradients
  topic: subjects
subject: Semi-urban habitats
  topic: subjects
subject: Urbanization effects
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Conservation Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Urban Ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hafsa Adil
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hafsa Adil, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65139/ktdty339

Assessing The Role of Bioclimatic Variables in Shaping Diptera Biodiversity and Distribution in District Faisalabad, Punjab
type: item
description: Agricultural and climatic changes are reshaping insect communities globally, yet the role of bioclimatic factors in determining Diptera diversity remains underexplored. This study examined the effects of temperature, precipitation, humidity, and seasonality on Diptera occurrence across 14 sites in District Faisalabad, Pakistan. Field observations of 11 ecologically and medically relevant species were analyzed alongside 19 WorldClim bioclimatic variables. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that temperature (PC1) and moisture (PC2) accounted for 61% of the environmental variation. Sites were grouped into four clusters warm, humid, cool, wet, cool and dry, and hot, dry each supporting distinct Diptera assemblages. K-means clustering validated these ecological groupings, highlighting microclimatic gradients as key drivers of species composition. Warm–humid sites harbored the highest richness, while arid and cooler areas supported more specialized or generalist taxa. Correlation analysis showed strong positive associations between Diptera abundance and both Bio5 (maximum temperature) and Bio12 (annual precipitation), suggesting these as primary predictors of species richness. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of temperature and moisture thresholds in shaping Diptera communities and offer a framework for forecasting climate-induced distribution shifts and managing key fly species.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Biogeography
  topic: category
subject: diptera diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: bioclimatic variables
  topic: keywords
subject: species distribution modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: principal component analysis (PCA)
  topic: keywords
subject: microclimate gradients
  topic: keywords
subject: Insect Biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Diptera Distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Bioclimatic Modeling
  topic: subjects
subject: Species Distribution Patterns
  topic: subjects
subject: Climate Impact on Fauna
  topic: subjects
subject: zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biodiversity Studies
  topic: disciplines
subject: ecology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ujala Hanif
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Zubda Ashfaq
creator: Muhammad Shahid
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Iqra
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ujala Hanif, Maryam Riasat, Zubda Ashfaq, Muhammad Shahid, Rida Younas , Iqra, Naureen Rana, Tehreem Shakoor , Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem , Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 7
ending page: 7

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SHAPING THE DISTRIBUTION AND BIODIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD
type: item
description: The analysis examines butterfly distribution and diversity in District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, and the impacts of ecological (climate variables and land cover) and anthropogenic (population density and urbanization) factors. A diverse assemblage including Pieris rapae, Danaus chrysippus, and Euploea core was recorded. PCA and K-means clustering revealed three major climatic zones in Faisalabad. Species like Eurema hecabe and Pieris rapae were common in agro-ecosystems due to human activity adaptation and host plant presence. Correlation matrix showed strong positive correlations between butterfly richness and moderate climates (stable temperatures, adequate precipitation), while extreme weather or stress led to negative correlations. Butterflies, as pollinators and bioindicators, are affected by urbanization, habitat fragmentation, and pesticide use. Results emphasize targeted conservation through nectar-rich vegetation and reduced chemical use to sustain butterfly diversity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Biogeography
  topic: category
subject: Climatic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: diverse assemblage
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: humidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Biogeography
  topic: subjects
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Earth & Climate Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Muhammad Shahid
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Zubda Ashfaq
creator: Ujala Hanif
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Iqra
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shahid, Maryam Riasat, Zubda Ashfaq, Ujala Hanif, Rida Younas, Iqra, Naureen Rana, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 9
ending page: 9

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Mosquito Vector Habitat Distribution in Urban Areas of Faisalabad, Punjab
type: item
description: The viruses that cause malaria, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and Rift Valley fever are primarily spread by mosquitoes. Globally, mosquito-borne diseases pose a serious threat to public health, particularly in crowded cities. The goal of the current study was to update knowledge about the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of Punjab region, Pakistan's District Faisalabad, and forecast the distribution of the larvae of the most important mosquito vectors in this area. Environmental factors such as water sources, land use, temperature, and humidity were recorded at each collection location. A perspective for the geographic distribution of dengue vectors in the metropolitan areas of Faisalabad was created using GIS-based spatial analytic tools after the data was gathered. The number of mosquito larvae was assessed in connection with the physiochemical characteristics (pH & TDS) of breeding grounds. Mosquito larvae were collected from January 2024 until December 2024. Aedes aegypti was the most important vector discovered in Faisalabad. To predict the species distribution of Aedes aegypti in the district of Faisalabad, 19 bioclimatic variables were combined with the data from the collection. More than 100 locations yielded more than 1800 mosquito larvae. The northeastern region of the Faisalabad district was identified as having the best suited lands. The region that was least conducive to the presence of Aedes aegypti was the southwest. Precipitation factor (bio8) contributed the most in the presence of this vector, accounting for over 40%, followed by bio19, which contributed 20%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Applied Zoology and Conservation
  topic: category
subject: Mosquito vectors
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: dengue
  topic: keywords
subject: Aedes aguptii
  topic: keywords
subject: urban areas
  topic: keywords
subject: Faisalabad
  topic: keywords
subject: punjab
  topic: keywords
subject: pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sania Shammas
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sania Shammas, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 14
ending page: 14

Effects of Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) Nanoparticles on the Growth Performance and Liver of Cyprinus carpio
type: item
description: Water pollutants that contaminate water supplies and harm aquatic life all over the world and impact on their growth and physical parameters. Silver nanoparticles have wide use in industries because of their electrical, optical, and antibacterial qualities. The aquatic life has suffered as a result of its widespread use and application. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of silver nitrate nanoparticles on growth performance and liver profile of Cyprinus carpio. In experimental design, total 60 fishes (15 fingerling/ aquarium) were subjected to different concentrations of AgNO3 NPs 0 mg/L (Tₒ serve as control) group), 50 mg/L (T1), 100 mg/L (T2) and 150 mg/L T3). The treatments were compared by applying one way Analysis of variance and variation among mean was evaluated by applying Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in statistical software R (Version 4.3.3). Results showed that effect of silver nitrate nanoparticles on fish growth rate are toxic and showed non-significant (P>0.05) variation in average weight, specific growth rate and condition factor while, significant (P<0.05) in weight gain, average length and length gain and liver profile (bilirubin, albumin, total protein, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase) of Cyprinus carpio. It can be concluded that silver nitrate nanoparticles at higher concentration (150 mg/L) in T3 have significant (P<0.05) toxic effect on fish growth rate and liver profile of Cyprinus carpio.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Animal Physiology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Toxicology
  topic: category
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: category
subject: water pollutant
  topic: keywords
subject: adverse effects
  topic: keywords
subject: AgNO3 NPs
  topic: keywords
subject: aquatic life
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial
  topic: keywords
subject: Silver nanoparticles
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanotoxicity
  topic: subjects
subject: Aquatic toxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Cyprinus carpio
  topic: subjects
subject: Growth performance
  topic: subjects
subject: Hepatotoxicity
  topic: subjects
subject: Fish physiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Oxidative stress
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanoparticle ecotoxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Liver histopathology
  topic: subjects
subject: Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Toxicology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Fisheries
  topic: disciplines
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Muhammad Saail Abbas
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tehreem Shakoor, Rida Younas, Maryam Riasat, Naureen Rana, Muhammad Saail Abbas, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 6
ending page: 6

Biodiversity and Relative Abundance of Insects Fauna in different Crops of Kamalia Region, Pakistan
type: item
description: This study examines insect biodiversity across 28 locations in Kamalia using key ecological indices—Species Richness, Shannon Index, and Simpson Index—to assess species distribution and diversity. The findings highlight significant variations in biodiversity, with areas like the Forest area, Chak No. 740 GB Kamalia exhibiting high species richness and a balanced ecosystem, whereas urbanized locations such as Govt. Girls High School 713 GB Kamalia show lower diversity, dominated by species like Aedes aegypti and Periplaneta americana. The study underscores the impact of human activities, including urbanization, pollution, and habitat fragmentation, on insect populations. It also identifies both beneficial species, such as Apis mellifera linnaeus, and pest species, indicating a complex ecological balance. Key limitations include sampling biases and the exclusion of seasonal variations. To address these gaps, future research should incorporate broader geographic sampling and long-term monitoring. The study emphasizes the need for targeted conservation strategies and sustainable habitat management to preserve biodiversity. Encouraging green spaces and community-based research can help mitigate biodiversity loss. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers, conservationists, and policymakers aiming to balance ecological stability with sustainable development in Kamalia’s diverse ecosystems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: species richness
  topic: keywords
subject: abundance
  topic: keywords
subject: Shannon index
  topic: keywords
subject: Simspons Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Insect Biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Agroecosystem Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Species Abundance and Distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect Fauna in Crops
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Agricultural Ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sabahat Farooq
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Junaid Raza
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sabahat Farooq, Maryam Riasat, Junaid Raza, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana, Tehreem Shakoor, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.65139/pjzs.v1i1.002