Pakistan Journal of Zoological Sciences
type: channel
description: Pakistan Journal of Zoological Sciences (PJZS) is the official, peer-reviewed journal of IJSMART Publishing Company®. It is an open-access, quarterly publication that follows a double-blind peer-review process. PJZS (ISSN: 3105-5222) serves as a platform for disseminating original scientific research across all branches of zoology. Journal Scope PJZS (ISSN: 3105-5222) aims to promote significant advancements in the field of zoology. PJZS is the first open-access zoology journal in Pakistan dedicated to combining diverse disciplines that study animal life from various perspectives. Our goal is to provide a platform for a comprehensive understanding of zoological phenomena at all levels molecular, cellular, organismal, ecological, and evolutionary. We welcome original research articles and systematic reviews, in the following areas: Animal Biology & Behavior Ecology and Environmental Zoology Animal Physiology and Anatomy Entomology Evolutionary Zoology and Systematics Zoological Genetics and Genomics Zoological Toxicology and Wildlife Health Applied Zoology and Conservation Invertebrate and Vertebrate Zoology Aquaculture and Fisheries Zoology Parasitology and Zoonotic Zoology Developmental and Cell Zoology Comparative Zoology: Anatomy and Physiology Paleozoology and Zoological Biogeography Ethnozoology and Human-Animal Interactions Our editorial board and expert peer reviewers rigorously evaluate all submissions to ensure the highest standards of scientific integrity, clarity, and novelty. Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Ms. Saba Malik School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 China. Environmental science, Zoology, Water quality management, Environmental toxicology, ecological risk assessment, Climate change >>>View Full Biography Associate Editors Dr. Muhammad Naeem Associate Professor, College of Biological Resources and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Yunnan, China All editorial correspondence should …
publisher: IJSmart Publishing Company®
language: en
publication name: Pakistan Journal of Zoological Sciences
issn: 3105-5222
copyright: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
items: Comparison of Proximate body composition and heavy metals detection in Muscles and Liver Enzymes of Major Carps from Head Islam, Vehari
items: Investigation of the influence of dietary iron oxide nanoparticles on immunity and oxidative stress markers in Gallus gallus domesticus
items: Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics on the Growth Rate, Liver Enzyme, and Serum Metabolites of Cirrhinus mrigala
items: Effects of Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) Nanoparticles on the Growth Performance and Liver of Cyprinus carpio
items: Influence of Environmental Factors on the Mosquito Vector Habitat Distribution in Urban Areas of Faisalabad, Punjab
items: FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SHAPING THE DISTRIBUTION AND BIODIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD
items: Assessing The Role of Bioclimatic Variables in Shaping Diptera Biodiversity and Distribution in District Faisalabad, Punjab
items: Microplastic Pollution in Urban Birds: A Comparative Study of Rock, Columba livia, and Corvus splendens
items: Effects of Green and Chemical Cerium Oxides Nanoparticles on the Blood Profile and Liver Enzymes of Cirrhinus mrigala
items: Clonorchis Sinensis and Its Pathobiological Impact on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review
items: Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing for Studying Environmental Impacts on Invertebrate Biodiversity of Different Districts of Punjab
items: Aphids fauna (Aphidoidea: Hemiptera) and their host association of Al Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia
items: Assessing the Role of Light and Bioclimatic Factors in the Distribution and Abundance of Nocturnal Insects in Urban and Semi-Urban Areas of Faisalabad and Sahiwal
items: Biodiversity and Relative Abundance of Insects Fauna in different Crops of Kamalia Region, Pakistan

Comparison of Proximate body composition and heavy metals detection in Muscles and Liver Enzymes of Major Carps from Head Islam, Vehari
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Environmental Zoology, Zoological Toxicology, Applied Zoology and Conservation, Aquaculture Keywords: aquaculture, enzymes Subjects: Aquatic toxicology, liver enzymes Disciplines: Zoology, Fisheries This study evaluated the comparison of proximate body composition and heavy metals detection in muscles and liver enzymes of three major freshwater carps Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala. Experimental groups were taken from three different water sites W1, W2 and W3 from Head Islam near Vehari and compared with a Control group taken from Assistant Director Fisheries District Vehari. Proximate body composition analysis revealed a significant decline in moisture content from 74.4% in the Control group to 72.0% in W3 and crude protein content decreased from 15.13% to 13.67% across the same water sites. Conversely, crude fat content showed a gradual increase, reaching 3.50 % while ash content fluctuates slightly but consistently remains within the acceptable reference range of 2.40 % to 2.16 %. Heavy metal accumulation was found to exceed recommended safety limits in W3, with Lead levels rising from 0.21 mg/kg in the control to 1.36 mg/kg in W3. Cadmium and Mercury levels also increased significantly across water sites. Liver enzyme activity showed marked elevation, with Aspartate Transaminase levels increasing from 50 U/L in controls to 114.3 U/L in W3, and similar trends were observed in Alanine Transaminase and Alkaline Phosphate levels, indicating liver stress and possible hepatocellular damage. Albumin slightly decreased but remained within normal limits. Bilburin levels rose gradually, nearing the upper limit in W3 samples. ANOVA results confirmed highly significant differences (P < 0.01) among major carps for all studied parameters. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of poor water quality on fish health and highlight the risk of bioaccumulation of toxic substances in edible fish tissues. The study emphasizes t…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Toxicology
  topic: category
subject: Applied Zoology and Conservation
  topic: category
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: category
subject: aquaculture
  topic: keywords
subject: enzymes
  topic: keywords
subject: Aquatic toxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: liver enzymes
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Fisheries
  topic: disciplines
creator: Tahira Ghafoor
creator: Anam Saeed
creator: Ayesha Zahid
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tahira Ghafoor, Anam Saeed, Ayesha Zahid, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65139/9g40aw06

Investigation of the influence of dietary iron oxide nanoparticles on immunity and oxidative stress markers in Gallus gallus domesticus
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Animal Physiology, Zoological Toxicology, Aquaculture Keywords: Iron oxide nanoparticles, Gallus gallus domesticus, oxidative stress, immunity, antioxidant enzymes, hematology, nanotechnology, Yellow Catfish, Yellow catfish juveniles Subjects: Aquaculture Nutrition, Nanotechnology, Fish Physiology Disciplines: Animal Nutrition, Toxicology, Nanotoxicology, Fisheries Science Conventional mineral supplements often exhibit poor absorption and gastrointestinal intolerance, reducing their nutritional effectiveness in poultry production. This study evaluated whether dietary iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can overcome these limitations by enhancing nutrient absorption and modulating immune function and oxidative stress markers in Gallus gallus domesticus. A controlled feeding trial was conducted using 200 broiler chicks divided into five treatment groups (T₀ control, T₁ 50 mg/kg, T₂ 150 mg/kg, T₃ 250 mg/kg, T₄ 350 mg/kg IONPs) for 30 days. Standardized procedures assessed hematological indices, immunoglobulin concentrations, and oxidative stress biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Statistical validation was performed through Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality, Levene's tests for homogeneity of variances, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post-hoc comparisons. Results demonstrated significant dose-dependent alterations across all measured parameters. SOD activity progressively decreased from 9.8 ± 0.1 U/mg protein (T₀) to 5.4 ± 0.1 U/mg protein (T₄), representing a 45% reduction (p < 0.001). CAT activity similarly declined from 38.5 ± 0.15 to 19.0 ± 0.15 U/mg protein. Conversely, TOS levels increased dose-dependently from 5.6 ± 0.1 to 16.9 ± 0.1 µmol/L, indicating elevated oxidative stress. Immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, IgA) showed significant reductions with increasing IONP doses. The study provides a scientific basis for establishing safe supplementati…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Animal Physiology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Toxicology
  topic: category
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: category
subject: Iron oxide nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Gallus gallus domesticus
  topic: keywords
subject: oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
subject: immunity
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant enzymes
  topic: keywords
subject: hematology
  topic: keywords
subject: nanotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: Yellow Catfish
  topic: keywords
subject: Yellow catfish juveniles
  topic: keywords
subject: Aquaculture Nutrition
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: subjects
subject: Fish Physiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Animal Nutrition
  topic: disciplines
subject: Toxicology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nanotoxicology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Fisheries Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saba Zulfiqar
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Salma Majeed
creator: Zeeshan Rehman
creator: Fiza Habib
creator: Muqaddas Nisar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Saba Zulfiqar, Maryam Riasat, Salma Majeed, Zeeshan Rehman, Fiza Habib, Muqaddas Nisar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65139/xrztbz33

Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics on the Growth Rate, Liver Enzyme, and Serum Metabolites of Cirrhinus mrigala
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Aquaculture Keywords: Global concern, aquatic toxicity., plastics usage, micro plastics, histopathology, serum metabolites Subjects: Aquatic toxicology, Fish biology, PVC microplatic Disciplines: Zoology Polyvinyl chloride microplastics have become one of the most harmful aquatic pollutants, and their potential toxicity to fish has become one of the major issues. The target of our research was to determine the effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics on the Cirrhinus mrigala growth pattern and serum metabolites like glucose, protein, and lipid profiles. To assess the effect of polyvinyl chloride on Cirrhinus mrigala, we use four containers marked as T0, T1, T2, and T3. An equal number of fingerlings was placed in each container. T0 used as control, in which we used no microplastics. While 50, 100, and 150 mg/L of microplastics were used in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The research was performed under the complete randomized design (CRD). After 4 weeks of growth, the result was measured, and the result was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. After a specific time, the growth was compared. The fingerlings in T3 had a smaller length than those in other containers due to a high amount of PVC microplastics. The noticeable changes in the liver include loss of cell shape, damaged liver cells, and deposition of fat in parenchyma cells. The serum metabolites parameter was measured by LFT. Serum metabolite parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, protein, bilirubin, and GGT were significantly elevated as PVC quantity increased. The results of this study revealed that a higher concentration of PVC microplastics could have negative impacts on the growth and liver of fish, which may ultimately endanger the food web.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: category
subject: Global concern
  topic: keywords
subject: aquatic toxicity.
  topic: keywords
subject: plastics usage
  topic: keywords
subject: micro plastics
  topic: keywords
subject: histopathology
  topic: keywords
subject: serum metabolites
  topic: keywords
subject: Aquatic toxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Fish biology
  topic: subjects
subject: PVC microplatic
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Anam Saeed
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Ayesha Zahid
creator: Faiza Maqsood
creator: Tahira Ghafoor
creator: Muneeb Ul Rehman
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anam Saeed, Maryam Riasat, Ayesha Zahid, Faiza Maqsood, Tahira Ghafoor, Muneeb Ul Rehman, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-15
publication date: 2026-03-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65139/r3d2ze70

Effects of Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) Nanoparticles on the Growth Performance and Liver of Cyprinus carpio
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Environmental Zoology, Animal Physiology, Zoological Toxicology, Aquaculture Keywords: water pollutant, adverse effects, AgNO3 NPs, aquatic life, Antimicrobial Subjects: Silver nanoparticles, Nanotoxicity, Aquatic toxicology, Cyprinus carpio, Growth performance, Hepatotoxicity, Fish physiology, Oxidative stress, Nanoparticle ecotoxicology, Liver histopathology Disciplines: Biology , Environmental Science, Toxicology, Nanotechnology, Fisheries Water pollutants that contaminate water supplies and harm aquatic life all over the world and impact on their growth and physical parameters. Silver nanoparticles have wide use in industries because of their electrical, optical, and antibacterial qualities. The aquatic life has suffered as a result of its widespread use and application. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of silver nitrate nanoparticles on growth performance and liver profile of Cyprinus carpio. In experimental design, total 60 fishes (15 fingerling/ aquarium) were subjected to different concentrations of AgNO3 NPs 0 mg/L (Tₒ serve as control) group), 50 mg/L (T1), 100 mg/L (T2) and 150 mg/L T3). The treatments were compared by applying one way Analysis of variance and variation among mean was evaluated by applying Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in statistical software R (Version 4.3.3). Results showed that effect of silver nitrate nanoparticles on fish growth rate are toxic and showed non-significant (P>0.05) variation in average weight, specific growth rate and condition factor while, significant (P<0.05) in weight gain, average length and length gain and liver profile (bilirubin, albumin, total protein, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase) of Cyprinus carpio. It can be concluded that silver nitrate nanoparticles at higher concentration (150 mg/L) in T3 have significant (P<0.05) toxic effect on fish growth rate and liver profile of Cyprinus …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Animal Physiology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Toxicology
  topic: category
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: category
subject: water pollutant
  topic: keywords
subject: adverse effects
  topic: keywords
subject: AgNO3 NPs
  topic: keywords
subject: aquatic life
  topic: keywords
subject: Antimicrobial
  topic: keywords
subject: Silver nanoparticles
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanotoxicity
  topic: subjects
subject: Aquatic toxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Cyprinus carpio
  topic: subjects
subject: Growth performance
  topic: subjects
subject: Hepatotoxicity
  topic: subjects
subject: Fish physiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Oxidative stress
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanoparticle ecotoxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Liver histopathology
  topic: subjects
subject: Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Toxicology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Fisheries
  topic: disciplines
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Muhammad Saail Abbas
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tehreem Shakoor, Rida Younas, Maryam Riasat, Naureen Rana, Muhammad Saail Abbas, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.65139/rsn53y29

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Mosquito Vector Habitat Distribution in Urban Areas of Faisalabad, Punjab
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Environmental Zoology, Ecology , Entomology, Applied Zoology and Conservation Keywords: Mosquito vectors, spatial distribution, GIS, dengue, Aedes aguptii, urban areas, Faisalabad, punjab, pakistan Subjects: Biological Sciences Disciplines: Zoology The viruses that cause malaria, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and Rift Valley fever are primarily spread by mosquitoes. Globally, mosquito-borne diseases pose a serious threat to public health, particularly in crowded cities. The goal of the current study was to update knowledge about the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna of Punjab region, Pakistan's District Faisalabad, and forecast the distribution of the larvae of the most important mosquito vectors in this area. Environmental factors such as water sources, land use, temperature, and humidity were recorded at each collection location. A perspective for the geographic distribution of dengue vectors in the metropolitan areas of Faisalabad was created using GIS-based spatial analytic tools after the data was gathered. The number of mosquito larvae was assessed in connection with the physiochemical characteristics (pH & TDS) of breeding grounds. Mosquito larvae were collected from January 2024 until December 2024. Aedes aegypti was the most important vector discovered in Faisalabad. To predict the species distribution of Aedes aegypti in the district of Faisalabad, 19 bioclimatic variables were combined with the data from the collection. More than 100 locations yielded more than 1800 mosquito larvae. The northeastern region of the Faisalabad district was identified as having the best suited lands. The region that was least conducive to the presence of Aedes aegypti was the southwest. Precipitation factor (bio8) contributed the most in the presence of this vector, accounting for over 40%, followed by bio19, which contributed 20%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Applied Zoology and Conservation
  topic: category
subject: Mosquito vectors
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: dengue
  topic: keywords
subject: Aedes aguptii
  topic: keywords
subject: urban areas
  topic: keywords
subject: Faisalabad
  topic: keywords
subject: punjab
  topic: keywords
subject: pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sania Shammas
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sania Shammas, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.65139/pcvxke49

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SHAPING THE DISTRIBUTION AND BIODIVERSITY OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Ecology , Entomology, Zoological Biogeography Keywords: Climatic factors, diverse assemblage, temperature, precipitation, humidity Subjects: Entomology, Ecology, Biogeography Disciplines: Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Earth & Climate Sciences, Zoology, ecology, Entomology The analysis examines butterfly distribution and diversity in District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, and the impacts of ecological (climate variables and land cover) and anthropogenic (population density and urbanization) factors. A diverse assemblage including Pieris rapae, Danaus chrysippus, and Euploea core was recorded. PCA and K-means clustering revealed three major climatic zones in Faisalabad. Species like Eurema hecabe and Pieris rapae were common in agro-ecosystems due to human activity adaptation and host plant presence. Correlation matrix showed strong positive correlations between butterfly richness and moderate climates (stable temperatures, adequate precipitation), while extreme weather or stress led to negative correlations. Butterflies, as pollinators and bioindicators, are affected by urbanization, habitat fragmentation, and pesticide use. Results emphasize targeted conservation through nectar-rich vegetation and reduced chemical use to sustain butterfly diversity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Biogeography
  topic: category
subject: Climatic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: diverse assemblage
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: humidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Biogeography
  topic: subjects
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Earth & Climate Sciences
  topic: disciplines
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Muhammad Shahid
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Zubda Ashfaq
creator: Ujala Hanif
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Iqra
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shahid, Maryam Riasat, Zubda Ashfaq, Ujala Hanif, Rida Younas, Iqra, Naureen Rana, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.65139/gsq9fv44

Assessing The Role of Bioclimatic Variables in Shaping Diptera Biodiversity and Distribution in District Faisalabad, Punjab
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Environmental Zoology, Ecology , Entomology, Invertebrate Zoology, Zoological Biogeography Keywords: diptera diversity, bioclimatic variables, species distribution modeling, principal component analysis (PCA), microclimate gradients Subjects: Insect Biodiversity, Diptera Distribution, Bioclimatic Modeling, Species Distribution Patterns, Climate Impact on Fauna Disciplines: zoology, Entomology, Environmental Science, Biodiversity Studies, ecology Agricultural and climatic changes are reshaping insect communities globally, yet the role of bioclimatic factors in determining Diptera diversity remains underexplored. This study examined the effects of temperature, precipitation, humidity, and seasonality on Diptera occurrence across 14 sites in District Faisalabad, Pakistan. Field observations of 11 ecologically and medically relevant species were analyzed alongside 19 WorldClim bioclimatic variables. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that temperature (PC1) and moisture (PC2) accounted for 61% of the environmental variation. Sites were grouped into four clusters warm, humid, cool, wet, cool and dry, and hot, dry each supporting distinct Diptera assemblages. K-means clustering validated these ecological groupings, highlighting microclimatic gradients as key drivers of species composition. Warm–humid sites harbored the highest richness, while arid and cooler areas supported more specialized or generalist taxa. Correlation analysis showed strong positive associations between Diptera abundance and both Bio5 (maximum temperature) and Bio12 (annual precipitation), suggesting these as primary predictors of species richness. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of temperature and moisture thresholds in shaping Diptera communities and offer a framework for forecasting climate-induced distribution shifts and managing key fly species.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Biogeography
  topic: category
subject: diptera diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: bioclimatic variables
  topic: keywords
subject: species distribution modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: principal component analysis (PCA)
  topic: keywords
subject: microclimate gradients
  topic: keywords
subject: Insect Biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Diptera Distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Bioclimatic Modeling
  topic: subjects
subject: Species Distribution Patterns
  topic: subjects
subject: Climate Impact on Fauna
  topic: subjects
subject: zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Biodiversity Studies
  topic: disciplines
subject: ecology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ujala Hanif
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Zubda Ashfaq
creator: Muhammad Shahid
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Iqra
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ujala Hanif, Maryam Riasat, Zubda Ashfaq, Muhammad Shahid, Rida Younas , Iqra, Naureen Rana, Tehreem Shakoor , Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem , Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 7
ending page: 7
doi: 10.65139/n2hd6t92

Microplastic Pollution in Urban Birds: A Comparative Study of Rock, Columba livia, and Corvus splendens
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Environmental Zoology, Ecology , Entomology, Applied Zoology and Conservation, Invertebrate Zoology Keywords: Microplastic pollution, Urban birds, Environmental contamination, Avian health, Bioindicators, Plastic ingestion, Behavioral impact, FRIT Subjects: Nocturnal insects, Insect distribution, Light pollution, Bioclimatic factors, Urban ecology, Semi-urban ecosystems, Insect biodiversity, Species abundance, Environmental gradients, Urbanization impact on fauna Disciplines: Entomology, Environmental Zoology, ecology Microplastic pollution has emerged as a pervasive environmental threat, yet its effects on terrestrial urban avifauna remain underexplored. This study investigates the extent and implications of microplastic contamination in two synanthropic bird species: the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) and the House Crow (Corvus splendens), both of which inhabit highly polluted urban environments. Through a comparative analysis involving the examination of ingested microplastics, health markers, and behavioral changes, the research evaluates species-specific vulnerabilities and adaptive responses to microplastic exposure. Findings reveal significant differences in ingestion patterns, with behavioral and physiological impacts evident in both species. The study highlights the role of urban birds as bioindicators of environmental health and underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies and improved urban waste management. This work contributes to filling the knowledge gap in terrestrial microplastic ecology and advocates for integrative urban biodiversity protection measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Applied Zoology and Conservation
  topic: category
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Microplastic pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban birds
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: Avian health
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioindicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Plastic ingestion
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavioral impact
  topic: keywords
subject: FRIT
  topic: keywords
subject: Nocturnal insects
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Light pollution
  topic: subjects
subject: Bioclimatic factors
  topic: subjects
subject: Urban ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Semi-urban ecosystems
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Species abundance
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental gradients
  topic: subjects
subject: Urbanization impact on fauna
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: ecology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sheeza Iqbal
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sheeza Iqbal, Naureen Rana, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.65139/ktdty338

Effects of Green and Chemical Cerium Oxides Nanoparticles on the Blood Profile and Liver Enzymes of Cirrhinus mrigala
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Animal Physiology, Zoological Toxicology, Aquaculture Keywords: Chemical cerium oxide, green cerium oxide, hematology, liver, nanoparticles, Cirrhinus mrigala, toxicity Subjects: entmology, Zoology, Ichthyology, qz, TOX, toxicology, Nanomaterials, Nanoparticle ecotoxicology, Fish physiology, Biochemistry, Aquatic ecosystems Disciplines: Zoology, Aquatic Biology, Toxicology, Nanotechnology, Environmental Science, Physiology As nanotechnology advances, minute contaminants are increasingly found in both the terrestrial and aquatic environments, raising concerns about nanoparticle pollution such as cerium oxide. They could be consumed by fish and other aquatic life, leading to poisoning, illness, and even death. The goal of the current study was to investigate how cerium oxide nanoparticles physically affected the freshwater Cirrhinus mrigala's liver and hematological markers. Fish for 28 days were exposed to two dosages of each type: 50 mg and 100 mg. The fingerlings in each experimental aquarium were twelve. Following CRD, hepatotoxicity was measured in a spectrophotometer Microlab 300® using the QCA diagnostic kit method for markers such as ALT and AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. Hematological parameters were evaluated by CBC tests, which included hemoglobin, hematocrit, differential RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. One-way ANOVA was used to statistically examine the data. This study showed that both chemically produced cerium oxide nanoparticles and green cerium oxide had an effect on the liver and blood profile of Cirrhinus mrigala. Histopathological analysis revealed cellular deterioration and necrosis in the liver tissue. Hematological markers like white blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels showed notable variability in the blood profile. These results suggested that both kinds of nanoparticles may have toxicological consequences on fish.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Animal Physiology
  topic: category
subject: Zoological Toxicology
  topic: category
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: category
subject: Chemical cerium oxide
  topic: keywords
subject: green cerium oxide
  topic: keywords
subject: hematology
  topic: keywords
subject: liver
  topic: keywords
subject: nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Cirrhinus mrigala
  topic: keywords
subject: toxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: entmology
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: subjects
subject: Ichthyology
  topic: subjects
subject: qz
  topic: subjects
subject: TOX
  topic: subjects
subject: toxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanomaterials
  topic: subjects
subject: Nanoparticle ecotoxicology
  topic: subjects
subject: Fish physiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Biochemistry
  topic: subjects
subject: Aquatic ecosystems
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Aquatic Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Toxicology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: Physiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Iqra Akram
creator: Ayesha Aziz
creator: Ayesha Akram
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: NawazHaider Bashir
creator: Muhmmad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iqra Aqram, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana, NawazHaider Bashir, Muhmmad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.65139/pjzs.v1i1.0024

Clonorchis Sinensis and Its Pathobiological Impact on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review
type: item
description: Section: Reviews Categories: Zoonotic Zoology, Parasitology Keywords: Clonorchiasis, hepatobiliary disease, hepatic inflammation, human infection, pathogenesis, cholangiocarcinoma, foodborne trematode Subjects: Parasitology Disciplines: Zoonotic Zoology Clonorchiasis remains an important food-borne parasitic disease associated with hepatobiliary complications and long-term health consequences. Despite its public health significance, infections are often underdiagnosed due to mild or nonspecific symptoms. This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, life cycle, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current strategies for the prevention and treatment of clonorchiasis. After ingestion, the parasite migrates to the bile ducts where it matures and can persist for many years. Mild infections may remain asymptomatic, whereas moderate to severe infections can cause hepatobiliary disorders such as abdominal pain, fatigue, bile duct obstruction, jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Clonorchis sinensis can infect a variety of mammals including humans, cats, dogs, pigs, and other piscivorous animals, which serve as reservoir hosts. Chronic infections may remain undetected for decades, contributing to delayed diagnosis and mismanagement. Accurate diagnosis can be achieved through microscopic, serological, and molecular methods. Prevention and control strategies include improved sanitation, food safety practices, public health education, and chemotherapy. Early diagnosis, effective treatment with antiparasitic drugs such as praziquantel, and strengthened preventive measures are crucial for controlling clonorchiasis in endemic regions. Enhanced public awareness and implementation of comprehensive health strategies can substantially reduce the burden of this neglected parasitic infection.
subject: Reviews
  topic: section
subject: Zoonotic Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Parasitology
  topic: category
subject: Clonorchiasis
  topic: keywords
subject: hepatobiliary disease
  topic: keywords
subject: hepatic inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: human infection
  topic: keywords
subject: pathogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: cholangiocarcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: foodborne trematode
  topic: keywords
subject: Parasitology
  topic: subjects
subject: Zoonotic Zoology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Asra Nawab
creator: Dr. Ghulam Murtaza
creator: Iqra Moomina
creator: Bareera Fatima
creator: Shazia Parveen
creator: Nimra Akhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asra Nawab, Dr. Ghulam Murtaza, Iqra Moomina, Bareera Fatima, Shazia Parveen, Nimra Akhtar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65139/w6n6jw60

Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing for Studying Environmental Impacts on Invertebrate Biodiversity of Different Districts of Punjab
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Environmental Zoology, Ecology , Entomology Keywords: ecological monitoring, invertebrate biodiversity, GIS, Remote Sensing Subjects: ecological monitoring, GIS, invertebrate biodiversity, land use change, remote sensing Disciplines: Entomology, Ecology, Environmental Zoology The rapid environmental fluctuations occurring across various districts of Punjab have raised concerns regarding their impact on invertebrate biodiversity, which plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. This research aims to inspect the influence of environmental factors on invertebrate diversity using the combined application of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, addressing the deficiency of spatial biodiversity calculations in the region. Field-based biodiversity surveys were conducted to collect species data, which was then analyzed alongside satellite imagery and spatial datasets to identify areas facing ecological stress due to anthropogenic activities. GIS tools were used to map land use and land cover changes, while remote sensing helped in detecting environmental transformations such as urban expansion, deforestation, and habitat fragmentation. Evaluation was based on species occurrence and richness patterns observed across selected sites. The findings revealed a noticeable decline in invertebrate diversity in regions with high human-induced disturbances and land use conversion. The study concludes that GIS and RS are effective tools for monitoring biodiversity patterns and can support conservation planning in biodiversity-sensitive areas. Future research could expand this framework by incorporating long-term monitoring and species-level ecological modeling.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: ecological monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: invertebrate biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological monitoring
  topic: subjects
subject: GIS
  topic: subjects
subject: invertebrate biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: land use change
  topic: subjects
subject: remote sensing
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Rabia Yousaf Yousaf Ali Shahid
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Iqra
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rabia Yousaf Yousaf Ali Shahid, Maryam Riasat, Iqra, Naureen Rana, Tehreem Shakoor, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Nawaz Haider Bashir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.65139/m7ak7y90

Aphids fauna (Aphidoidea: Hemiptera) and their host association of Al Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Ecology , Entomology Keywords: Aphids, Aphidoidea, biodiversity, Al Bahah Province, host plants Subjects: Insect biodiversity, Agricultural entomology, Entomology, biodiversity, Aphids Disciplines: Entomology, Applied Zoology, Conservation, Conservation Biology, Entomology. Aphid habitats are aplenty in the Al Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia because of the abundance of native and introduced plants there and the region's moderate temperature. But no prior surveys of aphids from the province have been conducted. Fifty-five aphid species from 30 genera were identified. Six aphid species namely, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878), Brachycaudus rumexicolens (Patch, 1917), Uroleucon sonchi (Linnaeus, 1767), Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) were the most prevalent aphid species according to the quantity of samples gathered. In this research, 102 species of host plants for aphids were identified, comprising 82 genera. The most frequent aphid hosts plant during the recent findings were species of the Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae families. Aphid species varied from one to six in number per plant host species. There is a key provided for identifying the different kinds of aphids in KSA.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ecology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Aphids
  topic: keywords
subject: Aphidoidea
  topic: keywords
subject: biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Al Bahah Province
  topic: keywords
subject: host plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Insect biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Agricultural entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Aphids
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Applied Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Conservation
  topic: disciplines
subject: Conservation Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology.
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sabir Hussain
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Muhammad Rafiq Shahid
creator: Zainab Baloch
creator: Javed Iqbal
creator: Jahansher Qambrani
creator: Manzoor Ahmed
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sabir Hussain, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid, Zainab Baloch, Javed Iqbal, Jahansher Qambrani, Manzoor Ahmed, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.65139/8evgr918

Assessing the Role of Light and Bioclimatic Factors in the Distribution and Abundance of Nocturnal Insects in Urban and Semi-Urban Areas of Faisalabad and Sahiwal
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Environmental Zoology, Entomology, Applied Zoology and Conservation, Invertebrate Zoology Keywords: Canonical correspondence analysis, nocturnal insects, light pollution, bioclimatic variables, species diversity Subjects: Nocturnal insects, Light pollution, Bioclimatic variables, Urban biodiversity, Insect distribution, Species Abundance and Distribution, Environmental gradients, Semi-urban habitats, Urbanization effects, Insect ecology Disciplines: Conservation Biology, Invertebrate Zoology, Urban Ecology, Environmental Zoology, Ecology, Entomology The influence of light pollution and bioclimatic factors on nocturnal insect diversity is key knowledge for biodiversity conservation in fast urbanizing areas. Here we assess whether artificial light intensity and environmental variability, including abiotic and biotic variables, drive nocturnal insect community composition in two contrasting regions: Faisalabad (urban) and Sahiwal (semi-urban), Punjab, Pakistan. Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, Plusia orichalcea, and Gryllus bimaculatus were the key species whose abundance was significantly affected by the light intensity, while the others had weak or no significant responses with the increase in light intensity, as revealed by regression analysis. Results Boxplots and scatterplots showed higher variability of light pollution and lower species richness in Faisalabad, and a weak negative trend between Shannon Diversity Index and light intensity promote that light pollution might help in biodiversity losses. By using multivariate analyses such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), each region was found to have a unique composition of species and environmental factors. The higher degree of environmental heterogeneity in Faisalabad was most likely driven by urbanization-related processes such as habitat fragmentation and change in local microclimates. Correlation heatmaps and hierarchical clu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Applied Zoology and Conservation
  topic: category
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: category
subject: Canonical correspondence analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: nocturnal insects
  topic: keywords
subject: light pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: bioclimatic variables
  topic: keywords
subject: species diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Nocturnal insects
  topic: subjects
subject: Light pollution
  topic: subjects
subject: Bioclimatic variables
  topic: subjects
subject: Urban biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Species Abundance and Distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental gradients
  topic: subjects
subject: Semi-urban habitats
  topic: subjects
subject: Urbanization effects
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Conservation Biology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Urban Ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Environmental Zoology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Ecology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hafsa Adil
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hafsa Adil, Maryam Riasat, Rida Younas, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-03
publication date: 2025-09-03
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65139/ktdty339

Biodiversity and Relative Abundance of Insects Fauna in different Crops of Kamalia Region, Pakistan
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Entomology Keywords: Biodiversity, species richness, abundance, Shannon index, Simspons Index Subjects: Insect Biodiversity, Agroecosystem Entomology, Species Abundance and Distribution, Insect Fauna in Crops, Applied Entomology, Agricultural Ecology, Invertebrate Zoology Disciplines: Entomology This study examines insect biodiversity across 28 locations in Kamalia using key ecological indices—Species Richness, Shannon Index, and Simpson Index—to assess species distribution and diversity. The findings highlight significant variations in biodiversity, with areas like the Forest area, Chak No. 740 GB Kamalia exhibiting high species richness and a balanced ecosystem, whereas urbanized locations such as Govt. Girls High School 713 GB Kamalia show lower diversity, dominated by species like Aedes aegypti and Periplaneta americana. The study underscores the impact of human activities, including urbanization, pollution, and habitat fragmentation, on insect populations. It also identifies both beneficial species, such as Apis mellifera linnaeus, and pest species, indicating a complex ecological balance. Key limitations include sampling biases and the exclusion of seasonal variations. To address these gaps, future research should incorporate broader geographic sampling and long-term monitoring. The study emphasizes the need for targeted conservation strategies and sustainable habitat management to preserve biodiversity. Encouraging green spaces and community-based research can help mitigate biodiversity loss. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers, conservationists, and policymakers aiming to balance ecological stability with sustainable development in Kamalia’s diverse ecosystems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entomology
  topic: category
subject: Biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: species richness
  topic: keywords
subject: abundance
  topic: keywords
subject: Shannon index
  topic: keywords
subject: Simspons Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Insect Biodiversity
  topic: subjects
subject: Agroecosystem Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Species Abundance and Distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: Insect Fauna in Crops
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Entomology
  topic: subjects
subject: Agricultural Ecology
  topic: subjects
subject: Invertebrate Zoology
  topic: subjects
subject: Entomology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sabahat Farooq
creator: Maryam Riasat
creator: Junaid Raza
creator: Rida Younas
creator: Naureen Rana
creator: Tehreem Shakoor
creator: Nawaz Haider Bashir
creator: Muhammad Naeem
creator: Huanhuan Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sabahat Farooq, Maryam Riasat, Junaid Raza, Rida Younas, Naureen Rana, Tehreem Shakoor, Nawaz Haider Bashir, Muhammad Naeem, Huanhuan Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.65139/pjzs.v1i1.002