Clonorchis Sinensis and Its Pathobiological Impact on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review

Asra Nawab; Dr. Ghulam  Murtaza; Iqra Moomina; Bareera  Fatima; Shazia Parveen; Nimra Akhtar

doi:10.65139/w6n6jw60

Authors

Asra Nawab University of Gujrat, Hafiza Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan Author
Dr. Ghulam Murtaza University of Gujrat, Hafiza Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan Author
Iqra Moomina University of Gujrat, Hafiza Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan Author
Bareera Fatima University of Gujrat, Hafiza Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan Author
Shazia Parveen University of Gujrat, Hafiza Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan Author
Nimra Akhtar University of Gujrat, Hafiza Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65139/w6n6jw60

Keywords:

Clonorchiasis, hepatobiliary disease, hepatic inflammation, human infection, pathogenesis, cholangiocarcinoma, foodborne trematode

Abstract

Clonorchiasis remains an important food-borne parasitic disease associated with hepatobiliary complications and long-term health consequences. Despite its public health significance, infections are often underdiagnosed due to mild or nonspecific symptoms. This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, life cycle, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current strategies for the prevention and treatment of clonorchiasis. After ingestion, the parasite migrates to the bile ducts where it matures and can persist for many years. Mild infections may remain asymptomatic, whereas moderate to severe infections can cause hepatobiliary disorders such as abdominal pain, fatigue, bile duct obstruction, jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Clonorchis sinensis can infect a variety of mammals including humans, cats, dogs, pigs, and other piscivorous animals, which serve as reservoir hosts. Chronic infections may remain undetected for decades, contributing to delayed diagnosis and mismanagement. Accurate diagnosis can be achieved through microscopic, serological, and molecular methods. Prevention and control strategies include improved sanitation, food safety practices, public health education, and chemotherapy. Early diagnosis, effective treatment with antiparasitic drugs such as praziquantel, and strengthened preventive measures are crucial for controlling clonorchiasis in endemic regions. Enhanced public awareness and implementation of comprehensive health strategies can substantially reduce the burden of this neglected parasitic infection.

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